糖皮质激素（glucocorticoid，GC）可在细胞生长、发育、分化、自身稳定的调节和细胞存活能力等多方面起重要作用=细胞凋亡（opoplosis）是细胞在分化与发育过程中受一系列基因调控而发生的主动的自发性死亡过程 糖皮质激素与细胞凋亡的关系，以及糖皮质激素受体（glucocorticoid receptor，GR）在糖皮质激素致细胞凋亡过程中的介导作用已受到广泛关注。

To investigate the efects of GM1 on inducing adult rat bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs)to form neural progenitor cells and their diferentiation. Purified M SCs were induced by different components of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) alone. GM1 alone or combination of bFGF with GM1. After 3 days' incubation. fibronectin and collagen I were detected with immunocytochemistry, and nestin was detected with immunofluorescence. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and galactose cerebroside (GalC) were detected with immunocytochemistry after 7 days'incubation. After induction with bFGF alone or combination of bFGF and GM1. some MSCs exhibited the phenot3 pes of neural progenitor cells, and then neurons and astrocytes. In these two groups, the positive cells for M SCs (marow fnr0onmh ehmemata0pto0pieoiteictic esltles mtir noc meblalolsn e macrelolws) diferaernet. Literatures report that MSCs are muhipotential and MSCs can be transformed into neural progenitor cells and then differentiated into neural cells and glial cells. GM1. a major subclass of cerebral gangliosides, is an important part of celI membrane. Exogenous GMl can mimic the function of neurotrophic factors through inserting into membranes of neurons and resist neuronal insults resulting from various factors. To our knowledge, so Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China(Zhang H1 General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China(Sun HY, Zhang JN and rang SY)Second Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin China(Wang JZ) Corresponding author: Tel: 86-22-23379321, fibronectin and collagen I decreased markedly after 3 days' induction. At the same time, the positive ceHs for nestin increased markedly. After 7 days'induction. NSE an d GFAPpositive cels increased significantly. Furtherm ore, the addition of bFGF an d GM1 caused the maximal variation. However. addition of GM1 alone had no inductive efects Condusions: Combination of bFGF、Irith GMI may synergistically promote the tran sform ation of MSCs and diferentiationinto neurons and astrocyte-like ceHs. The results suggest a promising route for the application of MSCS

目的 探索脑外伤恢复期患者注意的改变及其特征。方法 对42例大型医院神经外科住院治疗的脑外伤恢复期患者和42名正常人进行2.7划消测验和Smmp翻验。结果 脑外伤患者在标准情况、小相关分心情况和相关分心情况下的划消速度明显低于正常对照组 而精确率无明显差异。进一步比较相咒分心情M下划消速度的下降率显示：脑外伤患者显著大于正常对照组：Stroop测验显示：腑外伤患者读单色宁时削、读色块时问和读彩色字颤色时间较正常对照组显著延长。但两组之间错误数无显著性差异。比较两组读彩色字颜色时间的延长率和读彩色字文字时间的延长率，脑外伤患者均显著大于对照组。结论 腩外协后患者的注意力下降，注意的分配损抗干扰能力下降，而选择注意相对完整。

目的 探讨神经外科术后颅内感泉的危险因素及其治疗方法。方法 以4,463倒颅脑手术后发生颅内感染的118倒为研究时机，对开颅手术后l崩精感染发病时机、发生檀蓖癌染的危险因素及治疗结果等临床资料进行统计分析 结果奉组94.9%术后3～7天起病，多种危险目素可能导致术后颅内感染，第三代头孢类抗生素头孢他啶有良好的治疗效果，优于青霉素龠羌丁胺卡那治疗组（X2=24.6，P<0.01），鞘内注射头孢他啶有助于治疗难治性、严重的颅内感染。结论预防术后颅内感染危险因素，选择适当的抗生素治疗及鞘内用药可以提高疗效。

目的：研究10年间垂体泌乳素（PRL）腺瘤临床特征变化的特点。方法：采用回顾性研究手段一对10年同的4例垂体PRL腺瘤的临床内分泌症状、激素分泌特征、影像学检查变化的特点进行了对比观察。结果：近年来垂体PR1 腺瘤在垂体腺瘤中的比例已逐渐升高（达44），内分泌症状为主诉者逐渐增加，但仍有许多患者的内分泌症状在视觉症状出现前被忽视了，本组60.2% 的患者血清PRL>200g/L。10例垂体PRL腺瘤出现了肿瘤钙化 结论；近年来垂体PRL腺瘤的比例已逐渐升高，患者的早期内分泌症状、血清PRL水平、影像学特征尤其是肿瘤钙化影像对垂体PRL腺瘤的术前定性诊断有重要意义。