以林檎叶的水提取组(A)、乙醇提取经石油醚萃取后分成的石油醚组(B)和乙醇提取组(C)、C组加HCI溶解后得到的(D)组、酸不溶物经乙酸乙酯溶解经NaOH萃取得NaOH萃取组(E)、乙酸乙酯萃取组(F)及石油醚提取组(G)为受试物，用小鼠免疫器官重量法、小鼠常压耐缺氧实验、小鼠游泳实验、小鼠耐高温、耐低温实验和小鼠碳粒廓清法实验，探讨了林檎叶不同成分对机体免疫功能的影响，结果表明：A组比对照组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有显著增加(P<0.05)，C组比对照组胸腺指数有显著的增加(P<0.05)；C组浓度增加对胸腺指数有极显著的影响(P<0.01)，脾脏指数与对照相比有显著差异(P<0.05)；A组廓清指数、吞噬活性均比对照有明显提高(P<0.05)；A、C、D与对照组比较能显著延长小鼠耐缺氧时间(P<0.05)；C、D、E组比对照组延长小鼠耐低温时间(P<0.05)；D组比对照能延长小鼠游泳时间(P<0.01)；受试物均无明显提高小鼠的抗高温能力，林檎叶的水提取物和乙醇提取物能明显提高小鼠的免疫功能。

以世界卫生组织和联合国粮农组织推荐的营养素供给量标准以及我国建议的营养素供给量标准为基准，以婴儿为对象．采用混合惩罚函数法，借助计算机技术．对婴儿经常食用的营养米粉进行了优化设计．获得了最佳配方．计算过程表明，该方飞可行结果可靠，该方法亦可用于各类营养保健食品的最忧设计。

在基态原子价壳层电子隐核图的基础上，基于拓扑化学原理以及原子价壳层电子结构特征，构建了原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数(AEI)，它对基态原子实现唯一性表征，结合原子价壳层电子平均化能(∑n，E/∑ni)等参数，建立了一套新的元素电负性标度：XN=-0.588710AEIl+0,761214AE12+0.154982(∑n,E/∑nf)-0.080929.该式给出了周期表中氢至镅共95种元素的电负性，结果表明新电负性标度XN与Pauling电负性标度颇为一致．进一步从原子价轨道量子拓扑指数确定了sp，sp2，sp3杂化轨道的电负性．新标度在元素和物质的结构一性质研究中具有一定的适用性.

以中性原子最高占据轨道能EHOAO、最低未充满轨道能ELUAO及价壳层轨道电子平均结合能EOEAC为基本参数，用下式定义了元素电负性：XL=0.063398-0.023110ELUAO-0.199659EOEAC+0.050572EHOAO用上式给出一个1-88号元素的电负性，结果表明，新电负性标度与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致，进一步确定了碳原子sp、sp2、sp3杂化轨道的电负性。

The cause of the decrease in the Fe2+ concentration of the soil solution in the later period of soil waterlogging was investigated. After 7-d incubation of the soil solutions separated from previously waterlogged soils (PWdS), a greyish precipitate (PPT) was observed in the soil solutions. The color of the PPT became reddish brown after separation from the solutions and freeze-drying. The PPT observed in 14-d-PWdS contained 352.6 g Fe kg-1, 62.5g C kg-1, 22.6g P kg-1, 11.3g Si kg-l, 9.9 g N kg-1, 0.7 g AI kg-1, and a trace amount of Mn. However, Ca, Mg, K, and Na could not be detected. It was concluded that the separated PPT was dominated by amorphous ferric hydroxide based on the chemical analysis, broad IR absorption band at 585 cm-q, and exothermic peak at 301℃. The data of chemical analysis and the characteristic IR bands of the PPT suggested that organic substances and presumably alununosilicate anion were adsorbed onto the freshly-formed ferric hydroxide. The dominant phase of the greyish PPT in the reductive soil solution was considered to be ferrous PPT and was assumed to consist mainly of carbonate and/or hydroxide, and conconutantly of phosphate. The formation of the ferrous PPT in the soil solution in the later period of soil waterlogging was considered to (i) cause the decrease of concentration of Fe2+ ion and of other divalent cations such as Ca2+ due to the re-adsorption of Ca2+ on soil clays through the cation exchange reaction with Fe2+ ion, and consequently (ii) enhance the dispersion of the soil colloidal suspension.