宁夏枸杞（Lycium barbarum L.）叶外植体来源的愈伤组织经筛选、繁殖后，将来源相同、状态较为一致的淡黄色愈伤组织转移至O型或E型培养基上，可以诱导出器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生。利用该体系，对两条离体再生途径进行了比较研究。结果表明：（1）在拟分生组织和县里性细胞形成之前，RNA合成首先被激活，随后DNA蛋白质合成加速；而球形胚成期间，先是DNA合成的加快，接着RNA、蛋白质的合成高峰出现，在不定芽形成期间却正好相反；（2）可溶性蛋白组分发生规律性变化：器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生的启动阶段都-153.6kD多肽出现，一些多肽分子在分化早期逐渐消失。而随芽原基或球形胚的形成又重新合成，与形态发生相对应，两种再生体系都有作为各自分子标记的特异多肽（84.9kD）的表达。此外，还对两种离体再生体系之间的关系和发生机制进行了讨论。

以发根农杆菌A4菌株介导，对宁夏枸杞叶片和茎切段的遗传转化进行了初步研究，建立了发状根体系，并优化了转化条件。乙酰丁香酮的添加、农杆菌液的浓度、共培养时间、外植体取材部位及时间，均可以影响发状根的诱导频率。采用添加100μmol/L 的乙酰丁香酮、振荡培养24h的A4菌液感染3周龄的叶片切段，并共培养3 d，可以得到最佳的转化效果，发状根的诱导率为48.9%。在同样的转化条件下，只有13.6% 的茎切段上能诱导出发状根。在感染菌液之前，外植体预培养3 d 对发状根的诱导也有一定的促进作用。

We have developed a reliable and high-frequency system of transformation and regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Lycium barbarum. Leaf segments were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pIG121Hm) carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene as a selectable marker and an intron-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter marker. On the medium for callus-induction, which contained 50mg l-1 kanamycin (Km), approximately 60% of the explants produced kanamycin-resistant (KmR) calli. After three subcultures on the same selective medium, KmR calli were transferred onto SE induction medium containing 25mg l-1 Km, where they produced numerous somatic embryos (166g-1 fresh weight callus) that subsequently developed into KmR plantlets. Compared with the untransformed control calli, the transformed calli maintained their higher frequency of SE up to 16 months after transformation. GUS staining and polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses confirmed the integration of the T-DNA into the plant genome.

Plant regeneration was achieved from mature and immature embryos of ten spring wheat cultivars (cv.s), which showed strong genotype effect on both callus growth rate and the frequency of plant regeneration. Relationship between tissue culture and agronomic traits was surveyed by correlation and regression analysis, revealing credible relationship between the two traits, especially in mature embryo cultures. It was found that the frequency of regeneration from callus derived from mature embryos could be estimated from kernel number per spikelet, effective tillering and longevity; which was less significant in immature embryo culture. Such relationships may be due to the fact that both traits are influenced by the endogenous hormone levels. This result suggests that it is possible to screen genotypes with good tissue culture traits directly at the agronomic trait level, a practice rather simple and straightforward.