China, an oil and NG scarcity country, is coal dependent, and this situation will remain for a long time. DME, as an ideal replacer of liquid fuel, is considered to develop. The efficient way of producing DME from coal is under research. Considering the components of coal and natural gas (NG), we choose co-feed (coal and NG) and co-production (electricity and DME) system (Co–Co system) to be studied on. Three systems which are the standalone system, co-generation system and Co–Co system are simulated by Aspen-Plus. The simulation results concerning material flows, exergy flows, CO2 emission and the evaluation indexes are obtained. It is found that Co–Co system has higher exergy efficiency, higher economic benefit, and it is environmental friendly because of releasing the least CO2.The analysis llustrates that Co–Co system has obviously advantage over the other two kinds of systems.

基于发酵生产的特点及建模要求，以某企业燃料乙醇生产过程为研究对象，利用工业生产中的参数及数据，建立了以乙醇发酵效果为目标的BP神经网络模型，以静态模型反映复杂的动态问题。探讨了乙醇发酵生产模型的误差产生原因，并提出改进方案，根据已有经验将相关参数进行了合理组合，调整神经网络模型的输入输出参数结构，以提高仿真模拟效果。通过多次模型改进，使模拟的平均相对误差从10%提高至5.4%，为进一步研究发酵生产建模提供了思路。

A systematic methodology is presented for refinery modelling and optimisation on the basis of much more detail molecular information than conventional lumped methods. The novelty of this work is to incorporate models based on microscopic understanding into optimisation to achieve macroscopic im- provement. A molecular matrix based on homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds (B. Peng, Ph.D. Thesis, UMIST, 1999, pp. 22-41) is used to characterise refining streams. A transformation method is developed for obtaining molecular compositions from stream bulk properties. Molecular models are then built for several processes. Molecular modelling and optimisation are finally integrated into an overall refinery optimisation framework. Results show that molecular information can provide much better un-derstanding and new insights into refining operation. Consequently optimisation based on molecular modelling can greatly improve total profit while making quality products satisfying environmental regu-lations.

选取3个典型的历史时期：自然生态系统、传统农业社会和现代工业社会，运用物质流分析方法对3个不同时期中国磷元素代谢网络进行定量描述并建立相关数学模型，认识中国磷元素代谢模式的演化过程，为识别现代社会磷元素代谢不可持续的瓶颈提供数据支持。

磷是国民经济发展必须的重要矿产资源，由于其难以再生的特点，它的消耗将造成严重的资源流失，各种含磷产品的消费对水体等自然环境也会产生巨大影响。本文以科学发展观为指导，贯彻循环经济理念，从磷矿资源产业全生命周期出发，运用灰色系统方法建立其动态模型，在此基础上对现状发展趋势及各项循环经济策略实施效果进行定量描述和情景分析，考察磷资源的利用和环境影响状况，比较优劣，得到结论以指导实践，具有重要意义。