草酸脱羧酶是一种含锰的酶，在白腐菌中广泛存在，少数低等真菌和细菌中也能产生。目前，至少十多种草酸脱羧酶得到了分离和纯化。该酶是一种氨基酸残基在379个左右的单体酶，一般都为酸性糖蛋白，含有2个锰离子，形成2个活性区域；表面一些氨基酸被不同程度地糖基化。晶体结构和其它一些波谱学研究解释了其空间结构和可能的电子传递机制。运用PCR技术和cDNA文库技术，越来越多的草酸脱羧酶基因被克隆。已研究的该酶基因中都含有17个左右的内含子，这些内含子在活性域位置上有比较高的保守性。一些特殊氨基酸序列的存在决定了该酶的表达形式为诱导型，菌株的基因调控序列中含有一段受草酸化合物作用的序列。该酶在一些酵母和植物等异源表达系统中有成功表达的报道。该酶的应用主要集中在以下几方面：造纸废水中的草酸盐降解；食品中的草酸降解；草酸生物检测（如临床诊断）等。

细菌纤维素是一种天然的生物高聚物，具有生物活性、生物可降解性、生物适应性，具有独特的物理、化学和机械性能，例如高的结晶度、高的持水性、超细纳米纤维网络、高抗张强度和弹性模量等，因而成为近年来国际上新型生物医学材料的研究热点。概括细菌纤维素的性质、研究历史以及在生物医学材料上的应用，重点阐述细菌纤维素在组织工程支架、人工血管、人工皮肤和治疗皮肤损伤方面的应用以及当前研究现状。

细菌纤维素是一种新型微生物合成材料，在食品、造纸、纺织、生物医药、声学器材振动膜和功能复合材料等方面均有很好的应用前景。细菌纤维素发酵培养基（尤其碳源）的成本是现今制约细菌纤维素推广应用的主要因素之一。甘露醇、果糖和葡萄糖等合成培养基所用碳源因其价格较高仅适用于实验室研究和小型发酵生产，规模化生产细菌纤维素的潜在原料应是一些量大价低的天然原料，包括水果类原料、糖质原料、低值淀粉类原料和废弃纤维素类原料等。木质纤维素原料是最具发展潜力的细菌纤维素碳源，也是细菌纤维素产业的根本出路，但目前存在一些技术瓶颈，制约了其开发利用，是一远期战略目标。文章简要介绍了细菌纤维素的基本情况，系统阐述了国内外发酵生产细菌纤维素原料的研究进展，展望了今后的发展趋势。

Optimization of cultivation conditions for lipase production and the preparation of a specific lipase catalyzing the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by Aspergillus oryzae CCUG 33812 as well as modification of PET fabrics by the enzyme were investigated. The lipase activity produced by the fungus after addition of olive oil was not efficient in changing the properties of PET samples. In order to obtain lipase activity directed towards hydrolysis of PET, two derivatives of terephthalic acid (TPA), namely diethyl p-phthalate (DP) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHT), and PET short fibers were used as inducers. The results showed that BHT was the best inducer. The BHT-induced extracellular lipase could catalyze hydrolysis of the PET model substrate diethyl p-phthalate. The formation of new carboxyl groups is consistent with the increase in K/S values of dyed PET fabrics after the enzymatic treatment. Additionally, treatment with the BHT-induced lipase resulted in increased moisture regain and weight loss of PET fiber/fabric, while the water contact angle and the static half decay time decreased slightly. This indicates that hydrophilicity and anti-static ability were improved after the treatment with the BHT-induced lipase. Compounds that were solubilized by the enzymatic treatment were analyzed by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Both analyses indicated that hydrolysis of PET occurred and that products were formed due to the catalytic action of the BHT-induced enzyme, however, no significant changes in UV absorbance and no new peaks were found in HPLC-UVD analyses of reaction mixtures with olive oil-induced lipase or PET-induced lipase. This investigation has resulted in detailed procedures for production of PET-hydrolyzing lipase by A. oryzae and is the first report regarding the successful use of BHT as an inducer for the enzyme production.