High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) showed that the dominant feature in the HREELS spectrum of the 'as-received' ITO was the loss peaks associated with the CHx group. Oxygen-plasma treatment of ITO led to the disappearance of the CHx loss peaks, and a concomitant increase in the intensity of the phonon peaks at 71 and 134meV. The result indicates the removal of the CHx group and additional oxidation of the ITO surface by the oxygen-plasma treatment. Both processes are proposed to be responsible for the increase in work function of ITO by the oxygen-plasma treatment.

We report a high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy study of the coverage dependence of the Cs-Ru stretch vibration at 300K. Surprisingly, the frequency of Cs-Ru stretch vibration shifts upward by about 30% with Cs coverage for 0≤θCs≤0.19. Only a quarter of this shift can be explained through lateral dipoledipole interaction. We discuss two further mechanisms that may cause the other part of the shift. A slight decrease of the stretch frequency for θCs>0.19 is associated with the metallization of the alkali-metal layer including a structural change.

A densely packed 1×1-O overlayer with an oxygen coverage of 1.0 (relative to the number of substrate surface atoms) was prepared on Ru (0001) by sequential dissociation of O2 and NO2 and studied by means of high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Two dipole-active modes were observed at 81 and 7.3meV due to a v⊥(Ru-O) stretch mode and a new surface mode, respectively. The value of v⊥(Ru-O) is shifted to higher energy compared to that for the known 2×2-O and 2×1-O adlayers at smaller oxygen coverages. These measurements indicate that the O2 dissociation is kinetically hindered for oxygen coverages larger than 0.5.

High-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) measurements of the interface of phenyl diamine (NPB) and indium tin oxide (ITO) were performed. The HREELS spectrum of the oxygen-plasma-treated ITO was characterized by dipolar-active-phonon modes at 71 and 134meV. Upon deposition of NPB on ITO, the HREELS loss peaks of ITO gradually diminished, while the NPB-derived loss peaks appeared. The negligible energy shifts of the NPB peaks with NPB thickness suggested a rather weak interaction between NPB and ITO. The remarkable intensity change of the loss band at 71-65meV gave evidence for a strong vibrational coupling between the ITO phonon mode at 71meV and the NPB-derived vibrational mode at 65meV. Annealing of the NPB/ITO interface with 20

Interface studies of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)/LiF/Al were carried out with high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. With LiF on Alq3 or Al on LiF, no significant changes in intensity were observed for the loss peak related to the Li-F stretch mode. However, the deposition of less than one monolayer of Al on Alq3/LiF resulted in a strong attenuation of the LiF-loss peak, providing a direct evidence of LiF dissociation in the coexistence of Alq3 and Al with LiF. On the other hand, the LiF-loss peak remained almost unchanged when Al was deposited on poly (9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)/LiF.