Photoemission measurements for N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-4, 4'-diamine (NPB) overlayer on Ag (111) are reported. The growth of NPB overlayer from submonolayer on the single-crystal surface of Ag (111), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements at each growth step allowed a better determination of band bending and interface dipole related change in work function. The XPS measurements show a weak interaction between NPB and Ag (111) and the C 1s core level shift provides a measurement of the band bending occurring with the NPB overlayer. UPS measurements show a decrease in work function with increasing thickness of NPB overlayer. The dipole contribution to the work function as a function of NPB thickness is deduced by subtracting the band bending from the change in work function. The dipole contribution has a minimum at a NPB thickness of about a monolayer. The decrease of work function is attributed to both the band bending occurring within NPB overlayer and dipole layer formed due to surface polarization. Additionally, the top of the highest occupied molecular orbital of NPB is located at about 1.7meV below Fermi level.

Thin film growth of tetracene on Ag (110) has been investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the monolayer regime, the tetracene molecules formed islands of ordered structure, which is commensurate (4-fold periodicity) in the [110] direction, but incommensurate in the [001] azimuth, with the substrate. All the tetracene molecules align regularly with their longer axes parallel to the [001] direction, and with their molecular planes parallel to the surface. At multilayer coverages, the tetracene molecules form a crystalline film in a novel 3D orthorhombic structure, with their orientations remained unchanged. Growth of tetracene on Ag (110) is in the layer-by-layer growth mode.

The interaction of Cs and CO was studied for submonolayer coverages of Cs on Ru (0001) by means of high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). From the HREEL spectra and the 2×2 LEED pattern it is concluded that two-dimensional islands of Cs+2CO stoichiometry are formed first. For high CO doses CO adsorbs on the bare Ru surface between the islands as concluded from the v(C-O) stretch-mode frequency and the (√3×√3)R30℃ LEED pattern. Besides some local interaction between CO and Cs, there is strong evidence found for a long range, through substrate interaction. Our data can be understood in terms of a charge redistribution model; Cs donates a given amount of charge to the surface which is then backdonated to and shared between the adsorbed CO molecules within the (Cs+2CO)-islands and outside of them on the bare surface. The desorption temperature of CO with θCO→0 increases nearly linearly with θCs indicating CO desorption out of a two dimensional Cs gas in which the lateral interaction increases with θCs .

The interaction between magnesium (Mg) and tris(8-hydroxy-quinoline) aluminum (Alq3) has been studied using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). It was found that deposition of magnesium on the Alq3 film gave rise to clear changes in the HREELS spectra. The changes are attributed to the weakly bounded Mg atoms on the Alq3 layer. Interestingly, for a given amount of magnesium (Mg to Al atoms ratio=3) on Alq3 film, remarkable changes were observed in the HREELS spectra when the sample was heated. A loss peak at 81meV, which was assigned to Mg-O stretch mode, appeared upon annealing and increased in intensity as the annealing temperature increased up to about 360K. This suggested that the diffusion of Mg atoms into the Alq3 layer and the reaction between Mg and Alq3 molecule occurred at the temperature range investigated. The present work has provided direct evidence for the strong interaction between magnesium and Alq3.

On a Ru (0001) surface Cs and CO form a very well ordered (Cs+CO)-(2×2) compound layer whose structure was analyzed recently (Cs on-top, CO in threefold sites). Here we present a vibrational analysis of the same system using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The bonding of CO to Ru is both local and nonlocal. Two (C-O) stretch frequencies are observed depending on whether there are one or two CO molecules in the 2×2 cell. They change in energy between 155 and 204meV depending on CO coverage θCO. Setting θmax CO=1.0, the evolution of the C-O stretch intensities indicates that up to θCO=0.22 the 1-CO-(2×2) phase is formed exclusively implying some mobility of the Cs layer. For θCO.0.22 the 2-CO-(2×2) phase grows additionally until at θCO=1.0 only the 2-CO-(2×2) phase is found. Two Ru-CO stretch modes are observed for the first time and are assigned to adsorption in the hcp and fcc hollow sites within the 2×2 unit cell. They are very weak in intensity which is attributed to the threefold-hollow site and some screening in the 2D compound. With CO adsorption a change of the electronic structure of the Cs adlayer is observed; the adlayer loses metallicity and the Cs-Ru stretch becomes visible. Strong changes of the Cs-Ru stretch energies are observed with CO coverage.