秦岭造山带中夹持大量前寒武纪岩层、地块，筛除后期改造与变位，追踪复原，它们复杂而多样，不仅是秦岭造山带研究的基础，也是研究早期中国大陆壳形成演化的关键地带。现有的地质、地球化学研究，揭示秦岭区早前寒武纪具非统一多陆块分离拼合特征，晚期已成为早期华北陆块的边缘带。中新元古代相应于GrenvilIian造山事件和Rodinia超大陆全球性构造时期，秦岭区从扩张裂谷系与小洋盆兼杂并存的垂向加积增生构造体制向侧向增生为主的板块构造转换过渡，具有深刻地慢动力学背景，独具特征，富有重要大陆动力学探索意义。

On the basis of synthetic studies of geology, geophysics and geochemistry, the present Qinling Orogenic Belt can be described as a 3-d "flyover-type" geometricmode lwith rheological layering structures. Furthermore, the tectonic dynamic analyses have been done on the structural geometryand kinematic features. Thus it can be concluded that its present structure has resulted from an adjustment of deep-seated mantle dynamics and lithosphere coupling relationship sinoe the Mesozoic-Cenozoic time.

Zhang, G, -W, Bai, Y.-B., Sun, Y., Guo, A, -L., Zhou. D. -W. and Li, T. -H., 1985. Composition and evolution of the Archaean crust in central Henan, China, Precambrian Res., 27: 7-35

The Qinling mountains are a typical composite continental orogenic belt which underwent various vstages of evolution characterized by different tectonic regimes. Its late Proterozoic to early Mesozoic evolution was dominated by plate subduction and collision processes. The Shangdan fault zone marks the major suture which resulted from the plate subduction and collision and represents the basic division in both the superficial geology and the deep-seated crustal structure of the Qinling mountains. It is not a simple fault zone but an intricate geologic terrane, characterized by a prolonged and complicated history. It is referred to as Shangdan boundary fault terrane or Shangdan zone for short. The Shangdan zone consists chiefly of five parts: (I) fault systems as marked by various types of mylonite and cataclasite, (2) tectonic assemblages of Danfeng ophiolite blocks, (3) tectonic assemblages of obducted slices of a sedimentary prism, (4) granitic rocks related to orogenic processes of subduction and collision, and (5) basins controlled by late brittle faults. The evolution of the Shangdan zone can be traced through three major stages: the Caledonian period of subduction, the lndosinian period of collision and orogeny. and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic period of intra plate deformationm, among which the Indosmiaan peried marks the most importam stage in its development. In brief, the Shangdan zone is the major division between the ancient lithospheric plates in the Qinling belt and extends deep into the upper mantle.

The Qinling orogen is a composite continental orogen with a complex evolutionary history. During the Early and Middle Proterozoic, it was a continental rift; in the late Proterozoic, it began to be part of a plate tectonic regime; from the Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic, it was involved in subduction-collision between three plates; and in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, it was affected by intracontinental postorogenic tectonism. The Qinling orogen has a flyover-shaped, 3-D lithospheric architecture. Palaeozoic. Two limited oceans originated dunng this time and the Qinling microplate was then separated from the north China plate and the Yangtze plate. Subduction of oceanic crust took place in the Early and Middle Palaeozoic, accompanied by coeval vertical underplating and accretion. Continent-continent collision occurred from the Carboniferous to the Middle Triassic in an oblique and diachronous fashion, creating two major suture zones, that is, the northern Shangdan suture zone and the southern Mianlue suture zone. Intense Mesozoic-enozoic intracontinent orogeny brought about rapid uplift and eventually formed the present-day Qinling.