Control vector parametrization is one of the most frequently used techniques for determining numerically the optimal control profile for batch process optimization. In this article, we suggest the Karhunen-Loe

超（近）临界水作为优良的有机反应溶剂适合于针对酸碱催化类型有机反应绿色工艺的开发。（本课题以具备工业生产背景的醋酸甲酯水解作为研究体系，在一管式反应器中#将原料5%质量分数置于体系的超。近（临）界条件下（523～673K，23～32MPa）进行反应操作实验结果表明，在无外加酸性催化剂情况下，水解反应以接近1的选择性，150～300s内达到热力学平衡限制同时在系统临界点附近#溶剂化作用对反应动力学影响显著。根据SN2反应机理对反应动力学方程进行了回归。

Gas phase propylene epoxidation on gold catalysts has attracted wide attention from industry and academia due to its high selectivity. However, it suffers from low propylene conversion and rapid catalyst deactivation. Experiments showed that propylene conversion could be increased by raising H2, O2, or C3H6 concentration in the feed, but the feed compositions were within the explosion limit. It was also shown that the activity of the used catalyst could be fully recovered, but the regeneration temperature was 280℃, much higher than that for reaction. Therefore a microchannel reactor was devised to suppress explosion and was constructed with Fecralloy, to raise the temperature rapidly for catalyst regeneration by electric heating. In two minutes the temperature of the reactor could be raised from 50 to 300℃. Catalysts were coated on the alloy belt by dip coating, and the performance of the reactor was evaluated under different operating conditions. Results showed that in the microreactor the overall reaction rate was controlled mainly by the intrinsic reaction rate, and also influenced by film diffusion to a certain extent. The deactivated catalyst was regenerated in the microchannel reactor and the activity was fully recovered.

The wet ammonia desulfurization process can be retrofitted for combined removal of SO2 and NO from the flue gases by adding soluble cobalt(Ⅱ) salt into the aqueous ammonia solution. Activated carbon is used to catalyze the reduction of hexamminecobalt(Ⅲ) to hexamminecobalt(Ⅱ) to maintain the capability of removing NO of the hexamminecobalt solution. The effects of temperature, pH, activated carbon particle size, and superficial liquid flow velocity on hexamminecobalt(Ⅲ) conversion have been investigated. An apparent activation energy is obtained. According to the experimental results, the catalytic reduction reaction rate increases with temperature. The batch reactor experiments show that the best pH range lies in between 3.5 and 6.5. In a fixed-bed reactor, superficial liquid flow velocity obviously affects the reaction and a high yield of cobalt(Ⅱ) is obtained at a pH value lower than 9.0. The experiments manifest that the hexamminecobalt solution coupled with catalytic regeneration of hexamminecobalt(Ⅱ) can maintain a high nitric oxide removal efficiency during a period of time.

用过渡态及Kirkwood介电模型考察近临界水中醋酸甲酯（MeAc）水解动力学3实验结果表明。临界溶剂化作用使本体系在623K附近出现反应活化体积（△V≠）极负值现象，同时反应表观活化能降低至（23.5±8.29）kg/mol利用lnka与反应场的线性关系可修正压力因素对水解动力学的影响。并证实了近临界水介质中MeAc水解SN2反应机理的可靠性。