目的：观察熟地（黄）和生地（黄）配伍的四物汤对实验性变态反应的影响，比较其作用差异。方法：以compound48/80诱导小鼠过敏性休克、皮肤搔抓反应及大鼠腹腔肥大细胞释放组胺，分别测定1h内的死亡率、10min内的搔抓次数及组胺的释放量和残留量（荧光法）；以氯化钴诱导小鼠耳廓迟发型超敏反应，测定耳廓肿胀度。结果：熟地配伍的四物汤（500mg/kg）显著抑制compound48/80所致小鼠过敏性休克，而生地配伍的四物汤无明显影响；熟地和生地配伍的四物汤（500mg/kg）均明显抑制compound48/80诱导的小鼠搔抓反应及氯化钴所致小鼠迟发型超敏反应，前者的作用强于后者；体外试验中，熟地或生地配伍的四物汤（100～400μg/ml）抑制compound48/80诱导的大鼠肥大细胞释放组胺，前者的作用强于后者，熟地提取物减少组胺释放，而生地提取物无明显作用。结论：熟地配伍的四物汤对肥大细胞依赖性速发型变态反应及T淋巴细胞依赖性迟发型变态反应的抑制作用均强于生地配伍的四物汤，熟地和生地作用的差异可能是其主要原因。

Scopolefin exhibited an immediate and dose-dependent hypour-icemic effect after intraperitoneal administration (50, 100, 200mg/kg) in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxo-nate; however, it did not affect the serum uric acid level in nor-mal mice at the tested doses. For exploring the involved mecha-nisms of action of scopoletin, potential inhibitory effects on xan-thine oxidase and possible uricosuric effects were investigated.Scopolefin (50, 100, 200mg/kg) significantly inhibited the activ-ity of xanthine oxidase in liver homogenates of hyperuricemicmice although it only showed a relatively weak, albeit competi-tive-type, inhibition of xanthine oxidase in a commercial assay.Furthermore, a potent uricosuric effect of scopoletin (100, 200mg/kg) was ascertained. These results demonstrated for thefirst time that scopoletin exhibits, hypouricemic activitiesthrough decreasing uric acid production and as well as a uricosu-tic mechanism.

The behavioral dependence of vegetation simulation models for spatially heterogeneous grasslands on simulationresolutionwas investigated. The dependence can be largely attributed to the non-linearity of themodels.We showedthat increasing scale or decreasing spatial resolution tended to overestimate the changing rate of an ecosystem usingour landscape simulation model for alkaline grasslands in northeast China. A technique for scaling up simulationmodels with diffusive transportation was developed in this study by means of expanding the nonlinear drivingfunctions in the model. The analysis showed that a simulation model for spatially heterogeneous landscapes mightnecessitate modification of both its mathematical structure and parameterization when applied to different scales.The scaling coefficients derived in this study were shown to be proportional to the variances or covariance of thespatially referenced variables, and can be estimated by running the model at a fine resolution for selected samplesof the coarser grid cells. The technique was applied to a grassland landscape in northeast China and the resultswere compared with five-year observations on community succession. The comparison indicated that the proposedtechnique could effectively reduce overall scaling error of the model by as much as 80%, depending on the scalingdifference between the fine and the coarse resolutions as well as the sampling scheme used.

Previous studies have shown that the ethanol extract ofPlumbago zeylanica L. stems (EPZ) suppresses immediateallergic reactions. We extended these studies to examinethe effect of EPZ on delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Our results showed that EPZ (500 and 1000mg=kg), orally administered during either sensitizationstage or effector stage, effectively attenuated picryl chloride–induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (PC-DTH) inmice. In vitro, EPZ (100 and 200mg=ml) concentrationdependentlyinhibited Con A-induced splenocyte proliferationand interleukin-2 (IL-2) production but hadlittle effect on nitric oxide (NO) production from murineperitoneal macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS). EPZ (500 and 1000mg=kg) also showed asignificant inhibition of ear swelling caused by xylene inmice. These results suggested that EPE alleviateddelayed-type hypersensitivity in mice, which might beattributable to inhibition of proliferation and differentiationof T lymphocytes as well as anti-inflammatoryactivities.

目的：观察猪牙皂正丁醇部分（NBGS）对过敏性鼻炎的治疗作用，探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：以卵白蛋白致敏小鼠或大鼠，观察药物对小鼠鼻炎症状、鼻腔敏感性和血清一氧化氮水平的影响，以及对大鼠鼻腔白细胞渗出的作用。结果：NBGS（100，200 mg•kg-1）灌胃给药，明显减少小鼠的擦鼻次数，降低鼻粘膜对组胺的敏感性和血清一氧化氮水平，抑制大鼠鼻腔嗜酸性粒细胞渗出，但对单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞渗出无明显影响。结论：NBGS抑制过敏性鼻炎，其作用可能与降低鼻粘膜的高反应性及嗜酸性粒细胞浸润有关。