结合连续流小试,对膜2生物反应器运行过程中，活性污泥沉降性能的变化及其对膜污染的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随着运行时间的增长，该系统内丝状菌大量繁殖，活性污泥沉降性能变差，SVI值升高。随之，膜过滤压差（过滤阻力）平均上升速率有所增加，膜过滤周期缩短。膜过滤压差的“两阶段性（平缓上升期和加速上升期）”变化规律趋于明显，平缓上升期和加速上升期的膜过滤压差上升速率随污泥SVI值的升高分别呈现下降和上升的趋势。污泥沉降性能的变化对膜污染过程产生明显影响。电镜观察表明，污泥沉降性能对膜过滤压差的影响与膜面污染层的结构和厚度有关。

采用悬浮生长型和两种附着生长型膜生物反应器（MBR）处理微污染源水，考察了各种MBR的膜污染特征及清洗情况。通过电镜观察污染膜表面，发现不同MBR 的膜外表面污染特征不同，而膜内表面均无明显污染。对污染膜进行物理和化学清洗试验表明，常规物理清洗可使滤饼层大部分脱落，但对膜过滤性能的恢复效果较差；碱洗对膜过滤性能的恢复作用显著，有机污染对膜阻力的“贡献”最大。附着生长型MBR的污染膜表面粘性较大，常规物理清洗效果差，采用超声波清洗可使膜过滤性能恢复约30%，与超声波结合的化学清洗效果优于常规化学清洗。对膜污染化学洗脱液成分的分析表明，MBR中的膜污染与混凝—微滤膜组合工艺（C-MF）相比，有机污染物含量较高，Ca元素含量较低，腐殖质组分略高。两种工艺条件下洗脱液中溶解性有机污染物均以小分子有机物为主；与C-MF 相比，MBR的膜污染洗脱液中大分子有机物增多，推测与反应器内微生物代谢产物的产生有关。

A self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) method that used the biomass layer formed on a coarse mesh to effect solid-liquid separation was proposed. A 100-

Bath wastewater is an ideal wastewater-reclamation source for its large discharge amount, simple pollutant composition and low pollutant content. The feasibility of reclaiming bath wastewater with a membrane bioreactor was investigated in apilot plant of 10m3 per day at an organic load of 0.50-1.85kg-COD/(m3 per day). The operation was continued for 216 days without sludge discharge and chemical cleaning of membrane modules. The quality of the effluent obtained met the wastewater reclamation standard of China, with COD<40mg/l, NH4+−N<0.5mg/l and anionic surfactant (AS)<0.2mg/l. Biological treatment removed most pollutants in the influent, degrading 34-85% of COD and 98% of anionic surfactant. The membrane separation balanced the unstable biological treatment of COD but demonstrated no contribution to anionic surfactant removal. Inorganic substances were found to accumulate in the bioreactor. The main reason for membrane fouling was considered to be sludge adhesion and gel layer formation over the outer membrane surface and microbial growth over the inner membrane surface.