This paper reports metallization of PZT (lead zirconate titanate) piezoelectric ceramic surfaces accomplished by an electroless plating process with proper after-treat-ment. With this method, nickel electrodes can be formed on PZT piezoelectric ceramic components used in piezo-electric ceramic wave filters. The main mechanical and electric properties of the piezoelectric ceramic conlpo-nents with this type of plated Ni electrode are as good as, or even better than, those with "fired-on" Ag electrodes. This paper introduces the detailed process of pretreat-ment, electroless plating and after-treatment, and dis-cusses the principles, results and various effective factors in each process, and indicates preferred operating condi-tions and control methods feasible in practical production.

The liquid membrane transport of Na+ ions by p-tert-butylcalix [6] arene and that of K+ ions by p-tert-butylcalix [8] arene were investigated by means of a bubbling pseudo-emulsion liquid membrane system. This system represents a proton-coupled transport with a flow of protons in the opposite direction. The driving force for the transport is the pH gradient between the source and receiving phases. When the pH difference between the two phases is sufficient, the carriers calix [6] arene(or calix [8] arene) can successfully transport Na+ (or K+) ions from the source phase with a lower Na+ (or K+) oncentration into the receiving phase with a higher Na+ (or K+) concentration, like a Na+ (or K+) ion pump.

Several new calixcrowns were synthesized and characterized. The transport of Ca2 + ion was investigated through a bubbling pseudo-emulsion liquid membrane with these calixcrowns, the parent calix [n] arenes (n=4, 6, 8) and the ester, acid derivatives of calix [4] arene as mobile carriers. The effects of the initial concentrations of Ca2 + ion in the source phase and the initial pH difference (ΔpH) between the receiving phase and the source phase were studied. The results suggest that there are two different transport mechanisms. The transports using calixarenes and their ester, acid derivatives as carriers represent a proton-coupled co-transport with a flow of protons in the opposite direction, while the transports using the calix-crowns as carriers exhibit the characteristics of an anion-cou-pled co-transport with a flow of anion in the same direction.

The molecular recognition of tetra (p-t-butyl) tetrathiocalix [4] arene (I) and its three derivatives to heavy metal ions has been investigated by UV spectroscopy and solvent extraction. These erivatives include 5, 11, 17, 23,-tetra-t-butyl-25, 26, 27, 28-tetrakis (acetylmethoxy) tetrathiocalix [4] arene (II), 5, 11, 17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25, 26, 27, 28-tetrakis (2'-hydroxypropyloxy) tetrathiocalix [4] arene (III), 5, 11, 17, 23,-tetra-t-butyl-25, 27-bis (3'-hydroxy propyloxy) tetrathiocalix [4] arene (IV). The UV spectra and solvent extraction of I show that it has an effective molecular recognition to heavy metal ions, especially to Cd2, while IV has a special molecular recognition to Agion. These results confirmed the feasibilities for I to be applied in separation for toxic heavy metal ions Pb2, Cd2 and IV to be used as the sensor compound of Ag ion-selective electrode.

Two new calixarene derivative: 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,2g-tetrakisa (pipclSdinocarbo-nylmetbyoxy) calix [4] arene (L4) and 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-t-butyl-49,50,51,52,53,54,55, 56-octa-(piperidinocarbonylmethoxy) calix [8] arene (L8), which show good binding abilities to metal iota, wen synthesized by the reason of the corespondiog calixarene derivatives with piperidine. The ligand L4 is capable of separating a tight ion-pair foxed by Pb2+ and the picrate anion in THF. The interaction of the new hgands L