研究了含有菱形相的天然石墨HT10在EC/EMC和3EC/3EMC/4PC溶剂中的电化学性能。实验结果表明：HT10不仅在EC/EMC为溶剂的电解液中能进行良好的充放电，而且在PC含量高达40%的电解液中也保持了较高的放电容量和较好的循环性能。采用循环伏安和SEM分析了充放电过程中形成SEI膜的情况，良好的SEI膜保证了锂离子的通过而阻止溶剂的共嵌入，并且观察到了石墨片层发生剥离形成的疏松多孔性的剥离产物。

中间相炭微球（MCMB）超细粉末（0.1～0.5μm），具有良好的自粘结性，经模压成型和1000℃自烧结后，可制备出弯曲强度达到134.3MPa的高密度各向同性炭材料（HDIC）。用热分析和扫描电镜等方法，探讨了此超细粉末的特性和模压工艺对坯体成型和烧结体性能的影响。实验证明，由于MCMB超细颗粒表面附着的大量小分子相互结合而形成强度较高的团聚体，使粉末颗粒难以均匀分散，严重影响着材料弯曲强度。研磨可破坏团聚体中颗粒的粘结，减少材料的烧结缺陷，提高材料性能。MCMB超细粉末表面能及粉末之间的内摩擦较大，流动性差，模压成型时采取适宜的压制力，尤其是延长压力作用时间，对材料获得理想的显微结构，缓解由压坯密度的不均匀分布、弹性后效等而导致的缺陷是非常重要的。

用热缩聚和催化缩聚两种不同工艺制备的中间相沥青及自行设计的五种喷丝板，熔融纺制出中空、条形、Y-形和圆形截面的沥青纤维。实验证明，沥青熔体的出口膨胀性是影响异形纤维特别是中空纤维纺丝成形的重要流变学参数。这一参数随中间相沥青的性质和熔体温度而变化，在较高温度下，沥青熔体的出口膨胀性减小，使得所纺制异形纤维截面的异形度降低。X-射线衍射分析结果表明，不同形状的喷丝板因其不同的当量直径，在纺丝时对熔体产生不同的剪切作用；当量直径越小，剪切作用越强，沥青分子沿纤维轴的取向度越高，因此可使其炭纤维的力学性能提高。

In a study of the preparation of Pt/C eletrocatalysts, a set of modified Vulcan XC-72 carbon black supports have been prepared by nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide oxidation, or thermal treatment in nitrogen flow. The supports obtained by these methods had largely identical pore structure, but different from the amount of surface oxygen-containing groups. The physical and surface chemical nature of the supports was characterized by XPS, BET, FTIR, and acid-base titration. The above pre-treatment-carbon supported Pt/C electrocatalysts were prepared by the impregnation-reduction method with formaldehyde as the reducing agent, H2PtCl6 as precursor. The effect of the amount of surface oxygen-containing groups of Vulcan XC-72 carbon black on the Pt/C catalysts dispersion was studied by the characterization with XRD and TEM. It was discovered that decreasing the amount of surface oxygen-containing groups on carbon supports favored the dispersion of platinum on the Pt/C catalysts.

Carbonaceous mesophase is an excellent precursor for preparing high performance carbon materials. The structure of carbonaceous mesophase could be affected by the raw material and the condensation conditions. In the present work, the influence of inorganic impurities in coal tar pitch on the structures of the mesophase formed was investigated by adding some inorganic materials, such as nano-scale silicon dioxide and micron-scale alumina. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology and cross-sectional texture of the mesophase spheres. It was found that inorganic impurities would influence the structure of the mesophase and the size of inorganic materials was a key factor for affecting the final structure of the mesophase. The microtexture of the MCMB formed in the coal tar pitch without inorganic impurities tends to be global type. Nano-scale silicon dioxide changed the forming mode of MCMB from homogeneous nucleation to heterogeneous nucleation and the MCMB formed was built up with small spheres with the size of less than 3.5μm. Micron-scale alumina particles could not change the mode of nucleation of MCMB but were enwrapped in the MCMB and distorted the microtexture layers of MCMB.