Secondary cooling control is an important factor in the continuous steel casting process. This paper reviews popular control models and analyzes their principles and characteristics. On the basis of the review, this paper pro poses a new concept called ‘‘effective-superheat’’ and a new control model called ‘‘synthetical model dynamic control method based on online temperature measurement.’’ The model, which combines the advantages of the popular models reviewed, not only allows steady, accurate and dynamic control of slab surface temperature, but also provides the temperature profile and the end of the liquid pool. In addition, this paper also discusses the current problems with secondary cooling control and the related development trends, which may be helpful for further development of secondary cooling control technology and informationization of the continuous casting process.

论述了生产工艺发展、工艺流程结构变化及余热余能利用技术应用对钢厂能耗的影响，以及钢厂能耗分析与评价方法的研究进展. 指出基于物质流系统的能耗分析应注重主生产工序间物流状况及各工序的工艺改进，基于能量流系统的能耗分析更重视能量子系统间的能源供求匹配、能级匹配；钢铁产品生命周期分析将能耗研究范围扩展至钢铁生产过程的上、下游环节，有助于实现系统节能. 讨论了现有能耗评价基准(理论最小值、实际最小值、优化后最佳值、世界/区域最佳实践值)的优劣及其应用范围，并结合一般系统的可靠性，提出和探讨了钢厂能耗可靠性评价及其深入研究方向，以挖掘系统在原料条件、产品结构及维修制度、操作水平等方面的节能潜力，实现能耗的精细控制.

为高效利用资源，充分利用低镍铬红土矿中的镍铬元素，研发了一种新型耐候钢06CuPNi1Cr2．针对转炉冶炼耐候钢过程金属液中铬元素氧化的问题，研究并讨论了冶炼温度和一氧化碳分压对脱碳保铬的影响． 转炉冶炼06CuPNi1Cr2 耐候钢模拟实验表明，顶吹氧气强度为3.0～3.3m3·min-1·t-1 ，终点碳的质量分数为0.02%～0.05%，冶炼终点温度控制在1680～1700℃时，脱碳保铬效果显著．

针对连铸生产中拉速及浇注温度波动频繁，导致静态二冷配水控制下铸坯表面温度波动过大的问题，提出了一种基于有效拉速、有效过热度的新型二冷控制模型． 该模型不需要在线实时计算温度场，只需要在已有参数控制模型的基础上，实时计算有效拉速及有效过热度即可对连铸坯的表面温度进行很好的控制． 计算机仿真实验表明，该控制模型对连铸过程中拉速及过热度的变化具有良好的适应能力，满足连铸生产的要求，而且模型简单易行．

The liquidus temperature of steel is greatly affected by its chemical composition; therefore, the value of the liquidus temperature can vary among different types of steel. In this study, on the basis of the concept of differentiation, the Fe-i binary phase diagram is analyzed using Photoshop image processing software. The effects of eleven common alloying elements (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ca, Ni, Cu, Cr, Nb, and Mo, whose content is between 0%～4%) on the melting point of pure iron are analyzed. This analysis proves the following assumption to be incorrect: the relationship between the change in liquidus temperature and the content of element i is a linear relationship; this assumption is the basis of traditional liquidus calculation models. A new model for calculating the liquidus temperature of steel is established in this study. As compared to data from other literature, the model proposed in this paper has good generality and the calculation error of the liquidus temperature of steel is between ?3 and 4 °C, which is acceptable. A statistical analysis of the experimental data for different steel grades (obtained from Laiwu Special Steel) using the developed model showed that 87.2% of the absolute deviation values of the temperature are within 4°C. This result shows the model to be both reasonable and credible.