Seven malonate derivatives of C60 with different addition number and regiostructure were obtained by the "one-pot" reaction of C60 with diethyl bromomalonate (1:6) and subsequent separation by silica gel chromatography. The corresponding malonic acid derivatives of C60 were formed by hydrolyzing with NaH and CH3OH. Four of them with different addition number (C60(C(COOH)2)n, n

To improve the blood compatibility of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) film, the film was modified by SO2 gas plasma treatment, or by a two-step process including NH3 gas plasma treatment and reaction with 1, 3-propane sultone. XPS and ATR-FTIR were used to analyze the surface chemical elements. In vitro antithrombogenicity was determined by the method of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) tests. Percents of sulfur element on the surfaces of both modified SF films were 4.03% and 3.30%, respectively, while that of the control film was only 0.32%. Moreover, the antithrombogencity of treated films was increased remarkably due to surface sulfonation. The results implied a potential use of sulfonated SF for blood-contacting biomaterials.

Activities of trimalonic acid fullerene (TMA C60) on DNA restrictive enzymatic reaction were investigated by using two restrictive endonucleases Hind III and EcoR I and plasmid pEGFP-N1 with single restrictive site for both enzymes. Meanwhile, TMA C60 was also tested to clarify its effects on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the catalyst of Taq DNA polymerase and the template of plasmid pEGFP-N1. The products from restrictive reactions or PCR were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that the product amounts from restrictive reactions or PCR decreased significantly with addition of TMA C60. The inhibition by TMA C60 was dose-dependent and IC50 values for reactions of Hind III, EcoR I and PCR were 16.3, 6.0 and 6.0 μmol/L, respectively. Addition of two scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester magnesium and sodium azide at the concentrations of 2―10 mmol/L did not antagonize the activities of TMA C60 against PCR and two restrictive reactions. However, increase of Taq DNA polymerase amounts in PCR system antagonized the activities of TMA C60. These data implied that TMA C60 was able to inhibit the activities of the three above-mentioned enzymes involved in DNA metabolism, and that this inhibition probably did not correlate to ROS.

Although the pharmacology and clinical application of water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum have been extensively documented, little is known regarding its alcohol extract. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of an alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidumwas investigated using MCF-7 cells. We found that the alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, which might be mediated through up-regulation of p21/Waf1 and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, this compound can directly induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which might be mediated through up-regulation of a pro-apoptotic Bax protein and not by the immune system. Our findings suggest that there are multiple mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum.

A novel C60 organophosphonate derivative, tetraethyl methano [60] fullerenediphosphonate 2, was synthesized by the reaction of C60 with tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate 1 in the presence of I2 and NaH. It has high solubility in polar solvents and the nonlinear optical properties of the new compound were better than those of C60.