The reaction of the greenhouse gas, CO2, with Ca(OH)2 was explored using single-particle Raman spectroscopy to track the chemical reaction. Single particles were levitated in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to maintain the particle in a laser beam. The levitation voltage provided gravimetric data. The humidity in the EDB chamber was varied to determine the effects of humidity on the reaction. It is demonstrated that no appreciable reaction occurs at low relative humidities (RH<70%). This is evidenced by no disappearance of the Raman peak associated with the [OH]-vibrational bond, but at high humidities (RH>70%) the Raman spectrum of CaCO3 developed as the reaction proceeded. The results are consistent with results from packed-bed studies of the reaction and are in agreement with similar findings for the SO2/Ca (OH) 2 reaction used for desulfurization, that is, the reaction does not proceed until multiple monolayers of water are adsorbed on the particle surface.

Vapor-liquid-equilibrium (VLE) at normal pressure for the system formed by n-heptane, benzene and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) are investigated. The results show that NMP is a good extractive solvent that reverses the volatility of the binary system of n-heptane + benzene. A UNIFAC model is selected and proved that the group interaction parameters are reliable. A modified extractive distillation (MED) process, in which a little of water is added to lower the boiling point of reboilers in aromatics recovery column, is proposed on the basis of the original extractive distillation (OED) process. The process simulation shows that the proposed process raises the yield ratio of benzene from 94.2% to 98.2%. Since the modification is not complicated, the MED process have a lasting value in industry.

The prepared catalyst of tungstophosphoric acid supported on SiO2 has shown high activity, good selectivity of producing linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and 2-phenyl isomer and sufficient catalytic stability. Kinetics of benzene alkylation with 1-dodecene over this catalyst was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor after eliminating the influence of internal and external transport. Rate models of formation of different isomers of LAB were derived based on some simplifying assumptions. Kinetic parameters were determined.