从生态风险评价的准则、评价方法、风险评价模型及生态风险评价在农药登记管理中的重要作用等方面对比，阐述了美国、世界经济合作与发展组织（OECD）及我国农药生态风险评价的研究概况。指出了我国在农药生态风险评价方面存在的不足，并针对这些不足之处提出了对策建议。

The Vat resistance gene (in Cucumis melo L.) inhibits the transmission of non-persistent viruses by Aphis gossypii Glover, but does not affect transmission by Myzus persicae (Sulz.). To seewhether this difference was behaviourally determined, we investigated the stylet penetration behaviour of these two aphid species by recording EPGs (Electrical Penetration Graphs) of 8 and 20min on two sets of susceptible and resistant isogenic melon lines. During the 20min EPG study, inoculation with CMV (Cucumber Mosaic Virus) was also investigated. For both sets of isogenic lines, the two aphid species were able to detect the presence of Vat. The mean duration of individual intracellular punctures on the resistant genotypes was significantly reduced for both M. persicae and A. gossypii (-10% and -8% respectively for duration of pattern 'pd' in the 20min experiment); this reaction appeared faster for M. persicae, a species for which melon was not a suitable host-plant. Therefore, in contrast to Vat's antitransmission effect, this behavioural effect was not aphid species-specific. Also, the frequency of intracellular punctures on the resistant genotypes was significantly reduced in A. gossypii (but not in M. persicae): on average, this frequency dropped from ≈0.65pd·min-1 on the susceptible genotypes to ≈0.5pd·min-1 on the resistant ones. It was concluded that (intracellular?) chemical cues were detected very early by aphids probing on the resistant genotypes carrying the Vat gene. However, a comprehensive analysis of the behavioural traits of both aphids on the two genotypes could not alone account for the complete inhibition of transmission which was found only to occur for A. gossypii on resistant genotypes. None of the differences detected (between aphid species or between plant genotypes) could account for the Vat phenotype, although they may explain quantitative differences in ransmission efficiencies between aphid species. It was thus concluded that Vat effect was primarily chemically mediated. Finally, some intracellular punctures bearing typical subphases have been identified in both aphid species and were designated as 'long potential drops' (pd-L). For A. gossypii, these were observed early after plant contact and their mean duration was twice that of standard intracellular punctures (≈8.5s vs ≈4.2s). Although not necessary for CMV inoculation, the duration of such phases was positively correlated with a high transmission efficiency by A. gossypii on the susceptible genotype. The nature of this pattern and a putative mechanism of action of the Vat gene are discussed."

按照 棉花- 棉大卷叶螟（Sylep ta derogata）幼虫- 螟蛉绒茧蜂（Ap anteles r uf icr us）！三级营养食物链关系，对田间转Bt 基因棉苏抗310 对非靶物种螟蛉绒茧蜂种群的影响进行了调查。发现转Bt 基因棉苏抗310 棉田间螟蛉绒茧蜂种群生长受到了不良影响，种群数量显著下降，棉大卷叶螟幼虫发生高峰期高龄幼虫被寄生率降低。

利用刺吸电位（EPG）及其即时中断技术研究棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover传播黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）的机理，分析电势落差波（pd）及其亚波形在棉蚜获得CMV的取食行为过程中的作用。结果表明：棉蚜的获毒需要pd波的发生，它的获毒效率与穿刺病株细胞膜的次数呈正相关，证明了这种行为是一种细胞内行为。对植物细胞内穿刺产生的pd波亚波形分析的结果显示，棉蚜的获毒发生在pd波的3Ⅱ阶段，与棉蚜主动吸食植物细胞汁液的活动相关，这支持了蚜虫获毒的 “吸入假说”。

以小麦（Triticumaestivum）、青菜（Brassicachinensis）和萝卜（Raphanussativus）3种作物为受体，对薄荷（Menthahaplocalyx）化感物质的作用进行了研究。结果表明：薄荷根分泌物显著促进小麦幼苗和幼根的生长，显著抑制青菜幼苗和幼根生长，显著促进萝卜幼苗而抑制其幼根生长。薄荷地上部分水浸液显著抑制青菜、萝卜的种子萌发和幼苗、幼根的生长；萝卜比青菜更敏感，幼根比幼苗更敏感；随着化感物质浓度的降低，抑制作用逐渐减弱、消失，甚至转变为促进作用。水浸液经氯仿、石油醚萃取后，剩余水相浓度变小、水势升高，但其抑制作用反而更加强烈。这说明，这种极其强烈的抑制作用不是低水势而是化感物质造成的；而且，剩余水相的抑制作用被同样具有抑制作用的石油醚相和氯仿相组分所削弱，即化感组分之间存在拮抗作用。剩余水相经大孔树脂进一步分离得到的3个组分都极显著地促进青菜幼苗的生长。这表明，水相强烈的抑制作用是由起极显著促进作用的3个组分的混合物产生的，且排除了水势降低的影响。但组分2显著抑制青菜、萝卜种子的萌发和幼根的生长。