Objective. To study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandins (PGs) in cervical tissues of differential pathological types, especially in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma, and their possible relationships in carcinogenesis. Methods. Tissue blocks and blood samples from 20 normal cervix women, 20 cervix inflammation patients, 20 CIN patients and 40 patients with cervical carcinoma, respectively, at our institutions from February 2000 to March 2002 were available for this study. COX-2 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). COX-2 and VEGF proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to them. PGs (PGE2, TXB2, 6-k-PGF1a) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Result. The overall positive expression of COX-2 and the quantity of PGs, especially PGE2 in inflammation, CIN and cervical carcinoma was higher and much higher than that in normal cervix (P b 0.001), There was a close relationship between COX-2 and PGs. The positive expression rate of VEGF in cervical carcinoma was higher than that in normal, inflammatory and CIN cervix, respectively (P b 0.001). VEGF protein was occasionally expressed in CIN cervix (15%). There was no association among COX-2, VEGF and clinicopathological parameters in cervical carcinoma. The expression of COX-2 and VEGF in cases with tumor in diameter more than 4 cm (90.9%, 72.7%) was higher than those with smaller tumor (86.2%, 51.7%). Conclusions. The COX-2 probably is a gene involved early in carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma by increase of PGs, and accelerates the progress of tumor by increase of PGs and VEGF. Therefore testing the expression of PGs may be a prognosis marker for clinical diagnosis.

Typically, small lizards rely heavily on behavioral thermoregulation rather than physiological mechanisms to control their rates of warming and cooling. We tested the hypothesis that prostaglandins participate in mediating the cardiovascular response to heating and cooling and temperature regulating neurons in the hypothalamus of the small lizard Phrynocephalus przewalskii. In vivo and in vitro treatments, heart rates (HRs) were all found to be higher during heating than during cooling, hysteresis was distinct below 30 and 26 C, respectively. In vivo, as administration of COX inhibitor, there were no differences in HR between heating and cooling at any body temperature and administration of agonist prostaglandins only produced a significant effect on HR below 25 C. Single-unit activity was recorded extracellularly in vitro with microelectrodes, found the firing rate of the continuous unit increased 23% when the temperature of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid dropped from 30-20 C. We conclude that prostaglandins appear to play only a limited role in modulating heart activity in Phrynocephalus przewalskii and suggest that cold-sensitive neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) are involved in thermoregulatory control during heating or cooling.

Changes in number and distribution fo retinal ganglion cells were studied after optic nerve crush in zebrafish (Brudrylanio rerio) with retinal wholemount. There were approximately 40, 000 to 56, 000 cells in he retinal ganglion cell layer. The density of ganglion cells was divided into aix classess and the area of ligh-est cell density (central area) was located at the temponal area to the optic disc in normal fish. At the early re-generation stages after optic nerve crush, the percentage of lost cells increased gradually. Cell density had fallen first in the central area. At the late regeneration stages, there was an approximately 20% loss of ganglion cells. During optic nerve regenenation. The results suggest that the loss of cells may undergo apoptosis racher the necrosis. A wave of cell loss started in the central area and spread progrevely further into periphery. The reason caused these charges may be due to tempotal interruption of optic nerve function, recovery from crush and the dbility to quickly regererate in optic nerve of the fish.

用石蜡连续切片苏木精染色法，通过定量分析研究来伤和切断视神经后，斑马鱼视网膜神经节细胞、视杆和视连细胞密度的变化。结果发现，在损伤视神7-21d后，上述3种细胞的细胞核密度均呈减少趋势，节细胞减少的比率大于感光细胞，而感光细胞中视维细胞所受影响比视杆细胞更为明显；在夹伤和切断视神经两种情况中，后者引起民视网膜神经节细胞核密度的减少更为显著。上述结果表明，损伤视神经不但影响与其相逢的神经节细胞而且可逆向跨神经元地影响感光细胞的变化。由上述结果推测，由子损伤视神经使视网膜神经节细胞失去靶组织而引起的中各神经细胞密度减少是视网膜中神经细胞凋亡的表现。

作用用光施和电镇研究了花背蟾蜍蝌蚪变态期角膜的发展。在后皮发育晚期，内外角膜在中央部位首先集合，在完全变态期角膜完全愈合，此对角膜上皮细胞增殖，上皮基质变为Baweman's膜，内外角膜之间的成纤维细胞和由它分泌的胶原纤维形成角膜基质，内角膜细胞形成单层的角膜内皮，它与角膜基质间Desccmers膜最快形成。