PD-99 孔位于长江三角洲南翼, 揭示的晚新生代地层厚313 m. 独居石年龄谱表明, 上新统以350~500 Ma 的颗粒为主, 第四系则以100~275 Ma 的颗粒为主, 反映二者母源区发生了变化. 晚于25 Ma 的独居石颗粒初现层位于高斯正极性带与松山负极性带界线之上（约在2.58 Ma）,这是青藏高原隆升对东中国海沉积产生直接影响的开端. 长江河口地层中晚于25 Ma独居石含量变化分为两大阶段, 分别对应于早中更新世青藏高原的快速隆升和晚更新世以来的最强烈隆升.

Tropical-cyclone data and the statistics of tropical-storm casualties and damagesince the 1950s were collected and analyzed. The results show that annual and decadelongvariations are obvious in the annual number of tropical cyclones generated over thewestern North Pacific (including the South China Sea), those making landfall inmainland China, and those that induced disastrous storm surges. It is worthy notingthat these variations are not always in phase. For example, an active year for more cyclonesin the western North Pacific may have fewer landing in China, or vice versa.Also, the tropical cyclones that make landfall do not always cause storm-surge disasters.It sometimes happens that a year with more but weaker tropical cyclones making landfallhas fewer storm-surge events than a year with fewer but more intense storms. In thelong term, the tropical cyclone landfall probability has been gradually increasing sincethe mid 1960s. Over the past twenty years, major storm-surge disasters have occurredmore frequently but there have been fewer overall tropical cyclones. This has beenlinked to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases, in that fewer but more intensetropical cyclones influence China in the El Niño year.The intensity of disastrous storm-surges is obviously site-specific, strongly related tothe intensity and tracks of tropical cyclones reaching land, local tidal ranges and tidalphase, the standard of coastal region infrastructure and public education regarding offlood dangers. Since global warming can be expected to increase tropical cyclone intensityand storm surges, some countermeasures should be strictly carried out, includingperfecting the tropical cyclone and storm-surge warning services, elevating the standardsof coastal infrastructures, and improving public awareness of disaster defense.

简要综述了中国开敞型潮坪的分布与特征，总结了多年来在开敞型潮坪所做的野外观测结果，包括不同时司尺度沉降板观测分析潮汐层偶的生成和保存，插桩观测季节性潮滩冲淤和研究砂、泥质单层的形成与保存结果表明，潮流和波浪侵蚀造成开敞型潮坪潮汐纹层的保存率极低，连续性差季节性强风浪和平静天气交替形成的小型层序，其中砂、泥质纹层厚度的变化与大小潮旋回所形成的沉积序列类似，但二者的成因不同，所代表的时司尺度差别较大因此，在进行高分辨率古潮汐环境研究时需严格分析潮汐沉积的连续性

海洋沉积物吸附有机质的量和有机质循环周期与粘土矿物类型和吸附方式密切相关，并在全球碳循环中扮演着不同的角色。粘土吸附有机质有物理吸附和化学吸附之分，前者主要存在于粘土的微孔隙中，参与年、十年或百年尺度的循环；后者主要存在于粘土矿物层间和外表面，稳定性较好，有机质易于保存，可参与百万年或更长时间的循环，这种不同时间尺度内的碳循环，将会改写海洋沉积物有机碳“源”、“汇”的关系。不同类型粘土矿物的性质存在差异，决定了吸附有机质量的多寡，蒙脱石的吸附量远大于伊利石的吸附量，这可能是造成全球不同海域中有机碳“源”、“汇”变化的原因。海洋沉积物处于水圈、生物圈和岩石圈的交汇地带，有机碳的差异和变化，都会对全球碳循环及气候变化产生重要的影响。

长江三角洲人地相互作用经历了三个大的发展阶段，在此过程中人对环境的影响不断增强。早期人类的生活和生产方式主要依附于三角洲的自然环境，人们的生产活动场所也受制于三角洲发育的影响。之后人们逐渐采取适应自然变化的措施，力争能与自然协调发展。随着人口增长，经济发展、技术进步，过度的人类活动已使长江三角洲生态环境不断恶化。主要的问题包括地面沉降、洪涝灾害、污染、盐水入侵和海岸侵蚀等，三角洲已经成为全球变化的主要脆弱区之一。由于影响长江三角洲环境的因素众多，关系复杂，以及人类的主动适应能力，目前难以确定三角洲系统的气候变化阈值，即超过它系统将发生不可逆转的衰退。