Protoplasts isolated from red-light-grown maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles shrank transiently upon brief exposure (e.g. 30 s) to blue light under background irradiation with red light. The maximal volume reduction (about 4% at a saturating fluence) occurred about 5 min after blue-light stimulation. The response was prevented by the anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid. Red light and far-red light did not induce any comparable response. Protoplasts of different sizes and those isolated from different coleoptile positions showed similar responses. After treatment with a saturating blue-light pulse, the protoplasts became responsive to a second pulse and gained full responsiveness within 5 min, suggesting that the photoreceptor system involves a dark-reversible component. The response to continuous blue light was also found to be transient. The protoplast volume was reduced during about 6 to 9 min of irradiation and returned within the next 30 min to the control level. The response to continuous blue light was saturated at 30 pmol m-2s-1. However, when the fluence rate was enhanced 10-fold after a period of irradiation at 30 pmol m-2s-1, the protoplasts showed another shrinking response. These and other kinetic results indicate that the photoreceptor system undergoes a photosensory adaptation. Crowth in different zones of the coleoptile was inhibited by blue light transiently after pulse stimulation, as well as during continuous stimulation. It was concluded that the observed protoplast shrinking is related to the blue-light-induced inhibition of coleoptile growth.

This paper studied on the role of calcium in 6-BA-induced swelling of protoplasts isolated from hypocotyl in etiolated mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.) seedlig. Protoplasts incubated in CaCl2-bearing medium without hormone maintained a constant volume. To treat with 6-BA, they began to swell after 15 minutes, and continually swelled to the maximum volume 30 minutes later when they were treated with 10-1 mol/L 6-BA(Fig.2). However, the protoplasts could not swell when 6-BA was added into the medium without CaCl2(Fig.1). It was suggested that Ca2+ was necessary for 6-BA to induce protoplast swelling. 6-BA enabled the protoplasts to swell in less extent when K-. Zn2+, Ba2+or Mg2-instedad of Ca2-(Fig.3). Radioisotope experiments showed that K+influx incrased when Ca2+ as replaced by K+(Fig.4). Ca2+ accumulation in protoplasis treated by 6-BA was munch higher than that of control, and the time course of Ca2+ accumu-lation was similar to protoplasts swelling (Fig5). 45Ca2+level and the swelling of protoplasis were sharply declined when EGTA, verapamil or LaCcl3 was added into the medium(Table 1,2and3). These results indiated that Ca2+ may play an important role in 6-BA-induced swelling.

Protoplasts isolated from red-light-adapted Arabidopsis hypocotyls and incubated under red light exhibited rapid and transient shrinking within a period of 20 min in response to a blue-light pulse and following the onset of continuous blue light. Long-persisting shrinkage was also observed during continuous stimulation. Protoplasts from a hy4 mutant and the phytochrome-deficient phyA/phyB double mutant of Arabidopsis showed little response, whereas those from phyA and phyB mutants showed a partial response. It is concluded that the shrinking response itself is mediated by the HY4 gene product, cryptochrome 1, whereas the blue-light responsiveness is strictly controlled by phytochromes A and B, with a greater contribution by phytochrome B. It is shown further that the far-redabsorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) was not required during or after, but was required before blue-light perception. Furthermore, a component that directly determines the blue-light responsiveness was generated by Pfr after a lag of 15 min over a 15-min period and decayed with similar kinetics after removal of Pfr by far-red light. The anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid prevented the shrinking response. This result, together with those in the literature and the kinetic features of shrinking, suggests that anion channels are activated first, and outward-rectifying cation channels are subsequently activated, resulting in continued net effluxes of Cl2 and K1. The postshrinking volume recovery is achieved by K1 and Cl2 influxes, with contribution by the proton motive force. External Ca21 has no role in shrinking and the recovery. The gradual swelling of protoplasts that prevails under background red light is shown to be a phytochrome-mediated response in which phytochrome A contributes more than phytochrome B.

蓝光，白光和黑暗叶绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响不同。培养后3-18d，蓝光处理材料的可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于白光处理，更高于黑暗培养的材料。蓝光和白光明显促进3H-亮氨酸掺入蛋白质，而蓝光和白光处理后游离氨基酸含量与黑暗对照相比，下降时间早，幅度太。在培养过程中，蛋白酶活性的变化与游离氨基酸相似。蛋白质合成抑制荆环己酰亚胺（CHM）抑制愈伤组织生长，其中以蓝光最大，白光次之，黑暗最小。在培养基中加入CHM愈早，抑制程度愈大。实验表明，CHM抑制愈伤组织蛋白质合成，也是以蓝光最甚。由此可见，蓝光促进绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织的形成、生长和蛋白质合成，低蛋白质含量，同时抑制细胞脱分化。此外，在绿豆子叶愈伤组织形成过程中，代表蛋白质合成能力的多聚核糖体相对量在子叶切段离体培养的第5天和第7天增加到原来的3倍多，表明蛋白质合成能力迅速增强（谭保才等1993）。然而，这些组织培养研究均未涉及光质的影响。本实验以不同光质处理绿豆下胚轴切段，研究愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质含量、蛋白质酶活性及蛋白质合成的动态变化，以此了解蓝光影响其蛋白质代谢的特征。

研究了超声技术促进蔗糖的酯化反应，考察了反应温度、时问、催化剂等对反应的影响。当蔗糖与辛酸乙酯的摩尔比为2∶1，反应温度为70℃，催化剂K2CO3占辛酸乙酯质量分数的11%和反应压力为11kPa的条件下，超声反应2h，能高产率地获得辛酸蔗糖酯，且产物的单酯化物含量达92%。产物结构用红外和核磁表征，产物易溶于极性溶剂，热稳定性好，亲水亲油平衡值（HLB）为10.8。